Calcaneal bursitis
The calcaneal bursa is a synovial fluid-filled structure that runs between the superficial flexor tendon and the gastrocnemius tendon on the point of the hock. Bursitis, inflammation of the bursa, can be caused by damage to the superficial flexor tendon or a kick or penetrating wound to the point of the hock.
Signs
There is an obvious enlargement of the bursa usually most visible either side of the point of the hock. Lameness can vary from a non-weight bearing lameness with infection to only a very mild lameness.
Diagnosis
Infectious tenosynovitis is usually diagnosed by analyzing a sample of the synovial fluid. Ultrasound scanning is often useful in finding the underlying cause. X-rays should be taken to investigate potential traumatic causes especially if the horse is lame.
Treatment
Infection is best treated by managing any wound and, in some cases, flushing the bursa surgically, usually via arthroscopy (key hole surgery), combined with antibiotic therapy. The affected limb should be bandaged tightly and the horse placed on box rest. Traumatic bursitis is initially treated with rest and anti-inflammatory drugs such as phenylbutazone (‘bute’). Agents are often injected directly into the bursa such as corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid to reduce the inflammation.
In cases of damage to the superficial flexor tendon a long period of box rest may be required before the animal becomes sound.